Maglev Wind Turbine and Solar Panel for Streetlight

maglev principal Turbine and Solar Panel for StreetlightAbstractThis work describes the implementation of VAWT and solar panel for electric nothing generation from renew open muscle root words that be sprain heftiness and solar energy respectively. The VAWT worked on electro drawism principle has suspension corpse of permanent magnets instead of b each(prenominal) bearing used in stodgy nullity turbines. The electrical energy generated by this cross system is then used for streetlight plan.Keywords Wind energy, Solar energy, charismatic Levitation, VAWT, Savonius Turbine, Solar panel1. INTRODUCTIONThe primary factor for survival of forgiving beings is the energy. Everything what happens in the world is the expression of range of energy from one form to another. Electric power is not procurable in many rural areas collectible to high approach of generation and distribution to small dispersed users. For electricity generation we have to greatly appear upon hydraul ic and nuclear power plants. But receivable to their certain dis payoffs like area compensation, high initial cost, availability of resources and also the pollution, thither is need to believe on some another renewable energy resources. Solar energy and cabbage energy are usable abundantly all over the world with idle of cost. These energies are harnessed by human beings for a long time and with the advanced technologies we crumb take their advantage to generate electricity.The potential of solar energy is 178 billion MW which is more than or less 20000 times the worlds demand and the potential of wind energy is 1.6-107 MW equal to magnitude of present energy consumption on the undercoat. The solar energy send away be varyed to electrical energy by photovoltaic cells. The kinetic energy of wind can be converted to electrical energy by wind turbine. As received wind turbine has certain disadvantages vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are the alternate solution. The merit s of VAWT are low initial and running cost, easy installation, less space acquired, efficacy to capture wind from any direction and elimination of ball bearings by the use of magnetic levitation technique. The advantage of these two renewable energy resources can be taken by making a hybrid system so we do not required depending on availability of any one resource. The electricity required for domestic purpose can be generated by unique combination of solar system and wind system.2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Solar powerThe solar power where sunlight hits institutionalize is 1017 watts, whereas the solar power on earths surface is 1016 watts. The total world-wide power demand of all needs of civilization is 1013 watts. Therefore, the sun gives us 1000 times more power than we need. If we can use 5% of this energy, it will be 50 times what the world will require.2.2 Principle of working of photovoltaic cellElectricity can be produced from the solar energy by photovoltaic solar cells. When photons from the sun are absorbed in a semi-conductor, they create quit electrons with higher energies than the electrons which provide the bonding in the base crystal. Once these free electrons are created, there must be an electric field to induce these higher energy electrons to flow out of the semi-conductor to do useful work. The electric field in most solar cells is provided by a junction of materials which have different electrical properties. The photovoltaic effect can be easily depict easily for p-n junction in semi-conductor materials of solar cells which are silicon, cadmium, sulphide/copper sulphide , gallium arsenite.Fig-1 functional principle of photovoltaic cell2.3 Various type of solar cellThecomparison of various types of pv-cell isPrice expertness1 W size of itCurrent productionSingle crystalHigh10-17%1 just about 30%PolcrystallineMedium10-13%1.3About 60%AmorphousLow7-10%1.7About 10%2.4 Wind energyWind energy is an indirect source of solar energy. Factors responsible for wind are-1. Heating and cooling of the atmosphere which generates convection authentics. Heating is caused by the absorption of solar energy on the earths surface and in the atmosphere.2. The rotation of earth with respect to atmosphere, and its motion around the sun.2.5 Wind power Three factors determine the output from wind energy converter-1. The wind speed2. The cross section of wind swept by rotor helix, and3. The overall conversion talent of rotor, transmittal system and generator or pump.No device, however well visualizeed, can extract all of the winds energy because the wind would have to be brought to a halt and this would prevent the passage of more stress through the rotor. The most that is possible is for the rotor to decelerate the whole horizontal column of intercepted air to about one-third of its free velocity. A 100% efficient aerogenerator would therefore only be able to convert upto a maximum of around 60% of the available energy in wind int o windup(prenominal) energy. Well-designed blades will typically extract 70% of the theoretical maximum, but leavinges incurred in the gear box, transmission system and generator or pump could decrease overall wind turbine efficiency to 35% or less.The wind mill works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of wind to mechanical energy.The push-down stack of wind is- .. (1)Kinetic energy of wind is- Watts (2)But, the power is nothing but kinetic energy of wind. Hence, available wind power- Watts Watts .. (3)Where,A= area swept by the blades, m2V= velocity of wind, m/s= air density (1.225 kg/m3 at sea level)2.5 Types of VAWT1. Savonius rotorCharacteristics of Savonius rotorSelf-startingLow speedLow efficiency.AdvantagesThe auto performs at low wind velocity ranges.It has simple construction, hence easy to manufacture.Cost of VAWT may be significantly lower than that of standard wind turbine.Ground level mounting.Overall weight of the turbine may be substantially less than of conventional system.DisadvantagesThis type of machine is too solid, having so much metalIt is not useful for a very tall installation because a long drive shaft problems.2. Darrieus rotorCharacteristics of Darrieus rotorNot self-startingHigh speedHigh efficiencyPotentially low capital costAdvantagesRotor blades can accept the wind from any directionGround level mounting put across yaw control mechanismLess airfoil fabrication costDisadvantagesIt requires external mechanical source for start upAt low height, it experiences a lower wind velocity compare to conventional turbines3. MAGNETIC LEVITATION3.1 PrincipleAs we know that, when two like poles of magnet are bring to weeher, they get repels from each other. This characteristic of magnet is used for the suspension purpose in vertical axis wind turbine. Due to the absence of physical contact between magnetic bearings, there is benefit of no clash and hence no wear. Also the no need of lubrication, no power loss and the absence of affray generation.Fig-2 Principle of Magnetic Levitation3.2 Magnet SelectionThe strength of magnet to get attract or repels is depend on its material configuration. There are basically four categories of magnet that are alnico, ceramic, samarium conscientious objector and neodymium iron boron (Nd-Fe-B). Nd-Fe-B is the newest invention out of these which exhibits strongest magnetic properties. This magnet is used for the suspension purpose in VAWT. The repelling force exerted by these magnets holds the weight as well as force exerted by wind turbine.Fig-3 B-H curve of different magnets 1From figure B-H curve depicts attractive magnetic characteristics of Nd-Fe-B offering high flux density density density with the ability of resisting the property of demagnetization.The permanent magnets selected were N-42 grade Nd-fe-B having ring shape which consist of nickel metal plating for strengthening and protecting the magnet.3.3 Magnet placementTo obtain thenecessary suspension for wind turbine, two ring determine Nd-Fe-B magnets are arranged at the middle of the shaft. Magnetic suspension leads to frictionless, noiseless, maintenance less and power loss less rotations of rotor over stator. The similar 8 number of Nd-Fe-B disc shaped magnets are regain around the bottom side periphery of wooden disc at above the top magnet. The flux generated by these disc shaped magnets is used for power generation with the help of the generator.Fig-4 Placement of ring magnet on turbine shaftFig-5 Placement of disc magnets on rotor4. COIL DESIGN AND ITS ARRANGEMENTTo design the definite number of turns per coil is difficult. If the more turns are wound it increase the emf generated from each coil but increase the size of the every coil. For minimizing the size, wire having higher gauge can be used. If the diam of wire is small low amount of current will flow leading to heating ofwire because of the increase resistance of wire which is another difficult task.Field density is th e problem attached with large size coil for designing the generator for given application. Increase in gap between two magnets by increasing height of coil results in reduction of magnetic flux. Hence necessary voltage and current must be balanced.Fig-7 Coil arrangement on stator5 HYBRID SYSTEMsometimes due to unavailability of any single resource that is either solar energy or wind energy, there is effect on efficiency of such system. Also to decrease the load on single system, we can interconnect the solar system and wind system together. The output of solar system is DC and that of wind system is AC. So by the use of rectifier AC can be converted to DC and finally this combined DC is given to battery for storage purpose. Fig-8 Hybrid system6. ENERGY storeWhen there is no need of generated electrical energy or when the generated energy is excess than demand for application, there is need to store electrical energy. Therefore a 12V battery is used for storage purpose. The electric al energy is stored in the battery in the form of chemical energy when not to used and get convert from chemical energy to electrical energyWhen required to be used.7. CONCLUSIONThe efficiency and effectiveness of VAWT increases due to the use of magnetic levitation principle. For domestic application it is convenient to use Maglev turbine than to use conventional turbine as it requires less space and also low initial and maintenance cost.Maglev turbine with large capacity gives more power than conventional horizontal axis turbine. To decrease the load on any single system, the imagination of interconnection of solar and wind is very helpful. This hybrid system along with streetlight application can be used for several domestic applications like mobile and laptop charging, CCTV, to enlighten the single style etc. Use of renewable energy sources with initial investment can make the user free from electricity bill.8. REFERENCES1 Harshal V. and Kharat R. K, Power generation using Mag lev Windmill International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRET) Volume 05 Issue 06 June 20162 Ashvin P. Joseph Review paper on Wind Turbine using Magnetic Levitation International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRMET) Volume 6 Issue1 Nov 2015-April 20163 G. D. Rai, Non-conventional energy sources Khanna publishers, fourth edition, 20084 B. Bittumon Design and analysis of Maglev Vertical Axis Wind Turbine International daybook of emerging technology and advanced engineering (IJETAE) Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2014