Influence of Pop Art Essay

The Influence of Pop Art Illustration Essay To be someone who goes ‘against the crowd’, you must have a lot of courage. Well, back in the late 1950’s, pop artists such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and many others did exactly that. During this time period, pop art was a challenge to the traditions of fine art by using images of pop culture. You may be asking yourself, what is pop art? Pop art consists of objects that are removed from their original context and combined with unrelated material. In her article from Design Magazine, Adriana Marinica has a great explanation of how pop art appeals to us Americans and how pop art has it’s own style, â€Å"This art derives its style from the visual activities and pleasures of people: television, magazines and comics. † (Marinica) Pop art influenced American culture greatly while influencing the art culture as well. It created a different perspective for art, rather than fine art. Most people have seen Andy Warhol’s work, the most famous being the campbells soup cans, he is the most known pop artist. Not only did pop art influence American culture but it also influenced British culture, but in a different way. In 1952 was the beginning of the pop art movement known as â€Å"The Independent Group† who represented young artists of that time. Even today, pop art is still seen around the media and even street art. Back in it’s time, pop art was much different than anything anyone has seen. It has been the most â€Å"popular† art movements of the modern era. This movement was supposed to be a rebellion towards the ‘Abstraction Expressionists’, or artists who were perceived to be pretentious and over-intense. Fine art was popular from the 17th century on, it had much detail and focused on being realistic including paintings and drawings, while compared to pop art which has bright colors and it is more cartoony and not very realistic. Pop artists took images from popular media which made it easy to relate to the works. With the images from popular media, they would combined it with a background or other objects that had nothing to do with the media images. On the other end of the spectrum, most fine artists used a contemporary style while pop artists were more focused on the  attitudes rather than the art itself, such as irony and parody styles. Most pop artists prefer to use colors such as red, yellow, and blue since they are so vivid and are sure to grab your attention. Marilyn Diptych (1962). Campbells Soup (1968). Just a few of Andy Warhol’s most known pieces of pop art. You’ve seen the multi-colored soup can picture in your high school art class, and maybe you’ve seen the oddly colored portrait of Marilyn Monroe. Warhol had many other different styles and pieces, but he was very popular with his pop art works. Warhol seemed to have a great interest in creating images of well known actors and actresses. Not only is the iconic Andy Warhol famous for his pop art, we need to recognize that there are many other artists who have adopted the pop art culture. Some of those artists include Crash, Jim Dine, Keith Haring, Roy Lichtenstein, and Tom Wesselmann. Pop art became very popular in the late 1950’s in North American culture. The term ‘pop art’ was officially introduced in December of 1962. Origins of pop art in North America emerged as a way of expression for artists at a time where the world was lacking any interest or excitement. This movement was to emphasise that pop art could take images from mass-media from popular culture and can still be considered fine art. At this time advertising had used many elements of modern art, which had artists searching for more clever ways to advertise to keep up with the changing world. American artists found their inspirations by living within our culture. In the United States, pop art was made as a representational art as an ironic response by artists to subdue the personal symbolism. Mass produced imagery was very popular in America, these works of art had more bold and aggressive overtones. Back in the 1950’s and 60’s pop art was associated with pop music which includes swinging and covers of the Beatles’ and Elvis Presley’s cover albums designed by the pop artist Peter Blake. In contrast, Great Britain viewed American pop art from a different perspective. Great Britain adopted romantic, sentimental, and even humorous overtones. Early pop art in Britain was inspired by American pop culture, but they did not experience this culture as Americans had. During the time of post-war, pop art culture improved the prosperity of their society. English pop was considered to be more of a metaphor or to have a theme. Introduced in the United Kingdom, the Independent Group was formed in London, 1952. This was a group of young painters, sculptors, architects, writers, and critics who were challenging modernist approaches to the culture and traditions of the fine arts. The group was mainly about popular culture implications from mass advertising, movies, product design, comic strips, science fiction, and technologies. Even with origins early as the 1950’s, pop art culture is still very alive to this day. Pop art has a very strong influence on today’s top fashion designers. As Marylou Luther of the Cleveland, Northeast Ohio News states, â€Å"To me, the most important art force that has popped back into fashion and the one most likely to have a trickle-down effect to the streets is Pop art. The art movement has been so iconic and profound that it is still featured, studied, and produced to this day. Some inspirations are helpful towards interior architecture, fashion, fabric, and something even as simple as packaging. A popular way pop art is used is the well known comic style that is based on American animations. While searching for how pop art is used today, I found a quote on a website that I felt should be included in this essay, â€Å"This type of fine art is so popular nowadays that we recognize its potential to continue growing and attracting more followers all around the world. As you can see, pop art has had a very big impact on our culture that we still see to this day. Not only has it inspired our culture and our artists, but even other countries’ culture and artists as well. I can say that I’ve been inspired by pop artist Andy Warhol with his amazing works of art. As we see daily; Hollywood, magazines, television, and newspapers are all producing different images which is enlarging popular culture majorly. Without the pop art movement, our culture would not be the same. Marinica’s point of view may better help how pop art has influenced our culture and how it is still very much alive today; she states, â€Å"Pop Art continues to be hailed as a success to this day, whether we’re talking about original pieces selling for big money, or prints selling in huge numbers. It became clear that pop art was much more than just a statement and it’s hard to ignore it. You can see it wherever you go. It’s in public places and even advertising, as it was used initially in the 1950s.

Baldwin Bicycle Company Essay

Make a recommendation regarding the future strategic direction if the company. According to the SWOT analysis, MD is regarded as a star taking the BCG matrix. Therefore MD should hold its position within the market. In order to do this, we have recommended a few strategies for MD to maintain its position. To maintain its star position, MD needs to be proactive and be constantly aware of its environment. Currently there is an opportunity in the Chinese market. MD has plans to penetrate this market. In order to be successful, MD needs to thoroughly analyse this market and tailor its products to the target market. Due to the growing industry and increasing competition, MD needs to also integrate a differentiation strategy. According to the weaknesses, MD is currently having problems with delivering excellent customer service. Whilst MD has invested in employee training and values customer service within the organisation, this may be an area MD needs to strengthen on. This will help differentiate itself from competitors such as Wendy’s and Burger King and hence continue to hold its position within the market. DEVELOPMENT and RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS Strategic options: Reduction of employee training spending (lowering employee turnover); Taking advantage of organic food industry popularity (develop new products for new segments); Advantage of human health problems (improvement of products). 1 Reduction of employee training spending (lowering employee turnover). In order to reduce of employee training spending and to lower turnover, we would like to suggest: To give the job just for highly motivated people. It means, that they are going to be loyal and not to leave job so fast; To train new employees using ’’Big Brother’’ principle. New employees would be trained by employees, who are working longer. In this way, company reduces training spending, new employees are trained by the people, who are working inside the company and do the same things every day. To motivate employees and always take care about their expectations. It can be money premiums for good working in the end of the month (or year), some employees parties, ’’Employee of the week (month)’’ competition and etc.; also employer should take a look of what employee is expected from employer and try to solve that, ex. Maybe employee is not expected to get premium every month, but for  good and loyal working he would like that the company would pay his child studies fee after 5 years. 2. Taking advantage of organic food industry popularity (develop new products for new segments); McDonald’s is not that company, who suggest the most organic food, so they can try: To make a line of organic food in their menu and take a look what is more popular and healthy for their customers. If it is going more popular than usual menu food, it is more worth to make all food in organic way, even it is more expensive. First of all, people like what is natural, and then they are interested in the price. To be in a partnership with scientists and doctors in order to take care of their customers heath. Everybody knows that organic food makes people feel better and healthier; also it affects nature in a good way. McDonald’s declares that ’’everything is for customer’’, so it must take an advantage of organic food popularity and ’’make’’ their customers to live healthier and in more natural way. To make big advertisement companies declaring organic food pluses and make it more popular in such way. Many people loves McDonald’s food, so it has an authority and can show good example of necessity of organic food in people life and compare how organic and usual McDonald’s food effect customers’ health and all the nature about them. 3. Advantage of human health problems (improvement of products) McDonald’s is big food supplying company, and all of us know, how food affects our health. It is one of the main factors, what built our body and strength our brains. Knowing that, McDonald’s should: Suggest just high quality, improved products, which is full of vitamins and minerals. So, it means that the company must improve their products, all the food must be certificated and fit for all healthy food standards. Be in a contact with suppliers, who supply products for McDonald’s food and always check if the products is natural, high standard and healthy for all of age customers. Contact with doctors, scientist and improve their products to fit for all of age customers, even they have some problems with their stomach. It means to make measures and find what the best is for all possible customers. Strategists have a tremendous amount of both latitude and responsibility in developing and balancing the strategic options of an organization. The  countless decisions required of these managers can be overwhelming considering the potential consequences of incorrect decisions. One way to deal with this complexity is through categorization; one categorization scheme is to classify corporate-level strategy decisions into three different types or grand strategies (Porter, 1985). These grand strategies involve efforts to expand business operations (growth strategies), decrease the scope of business operations (retrenchment strategies) or maintain the status quo (stability strategies). More specifically, growth strategies are designed to expand an organization’s performance, usually as measured by sales, profits, product mix, market coverage, market share or other accounting and market-based variables. Typical growth strategies involve one or more of the following: _ with a concentration strategy the firm attempts to achieve greater market penetration by becoming highly efficient at servicing its market with a limited product line (E.g. McDonalds in fast foods)  by using a vertical integration strategy, the firm attempts to expand the scope of its current operations by undertaking business activities formerly performed by one of its suppliers (backward integration) or by undertaking business activities performed by a business in its channel of distribution (forward integration) _ a diversification strategy entails moving into different markets or adding different products to its mix. If the products or markets are related to existing product or service offerings, the strategy is called concentric diversification. If expansion is into Products or services unrelated to the firm’s existing business, the diversification is called conglomerate diversification. In order for MCD to enhance its competitive advantage and market share in the fast food industry, the organization must consider the following recommendations. 1. Implement Online Ordering Globally There has been a growing trend of food delivery in the China and Middle Eastern Markets. In order to capitalize on this demand and meet customer preferences, MCD has implemented an online ordering system in selected regions such Asia, Middle East and Africa (Jargon, 2011). However, MCD should consider expanding this growth strategy throughout all its stores. It  is expected that if MCD proceeded with this strategy, the organization will be able to attract build its target market, especially tech savvy teenagers. This will in turn improve its market share and competitive advantage in the fast food industry (Donnelly, 2013). Moreover, by employing online ordering, MCD will experience an increased efficiency as the ordering process will be timely and reduces the chance of error as opposed to ordering via a call center (Jargon, 2011). Additionally, there will be a reduction in operating costs, especially in MCD call centers as ordering will be steered to an online platform (Jargon, 2011) Counteracting this benefit of online ordering, MCD needs ensure that its product quality is not undermined. Specifically, high quality equipment with insulators should be used in order to retain the warmth of food, without it getting soggy (Jargon, 2011). Currently, MCD has a flat rate for orders in China, however charges a fee ranging between fifteen to twenty percent on the order price in other countries (Jargon, 2011). However, MCD’s rival, KFC currently charges a flat rate on its delivery orders. Therefore, it is recommended that MCD implements a flat rate on delivery orders in all its fast food outlets in order to maintain consistency and remain competitive in the market (Jargon, 2011). 2. Increase the number of healthy options in MCD’s menu As raised in 1.0 of this report, changing customer tastes and preferences towards healthy eating has posed a threat for MCD. Since, MCD is an influential brand in society; the organization has faced scrutiny by several health groups over its menu lacking healthy options (Strom, 2013). In order to rectify this issue, MCD is currently developing initiatives in order to improve to menu to suit with the changing culture in society. Specifically, the organization is proposing make significant changes to its menu, particularly developing food that is low in salt and sugar by 2020 in regions that account for over eighty five percent of sales (Strom, 2013). Furthermore, MCD is proposing to place less emphasis on its menu items that are deemed to be unhealthy to children in its marketing campaigns (Strom, 2013). Currently, MCD has placed premium pricing on its healthy options and this has downgraded its competitive advantage. This is due to rival, Subway being successful in its ability to sell healthy and fresh fast food at affordable prices (Strom, 2013). Therefore, in order to match this, MCD should consider incorporating more fresh produce into its menu selection that is also reasonably priced. Additionally, rival Burger King recently announced its new turkey burger to its menu (Strom, 2013). As a result, introducing more lean meat options into its menu is recommended to MCD in order to appeal to health conscious individuals.

Energy and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Energy and society - Essay Example Large-scale federal regulation was then enacted which allowed individuals to construct generators and encouraged the power pools into independent system operators whose supply schedule was determined through auction, a move which further complicated the grid system, though no direct regulation of individual operators was put into place. However, following erroneous actions resulting in catastrophic far-flung blackouts in 2003, the Federal Energy Regulation Commission was empowered to impose new rules and regulations on grid management by way of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation which refined the qualification requirements and licenses needed for human operators (Wald, n.p.). b) Though Professionals in energy management are highly paid, complying with federal regulations requires a refined skill set including technical engineering knowledge as well as participation in ongoing education and training while maintaining valid licensing. The strict requirement for grid management work limits the scope of recruitment and there are only currently 6,000 (approx.) qualified professional in the United States. Besides the technical knowledge and skill required, certain personality traits encourage better performance in this work. The ability to function harmoniously with a group and maintain disciplined adherence to alternating 12 hour shifts and training while performing adequately in power distribution. These personality qualities are the same as those present in people who have previous experience in military settings, as they have these attributes innately and/or have already been familiarized with regimented scheduling and team skills (Wald, n.p.). a) Technical advancements coupled with environmental concerns have led to a new area of energy consumption which electricity distribution managers have had to compensate for in the fluctuating

ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY - Dissertation Example 2. WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF TRANSACTIONS TO WHICH THE BAN ON RIBA IS APPLICABLE? DOES THE TERM APPLY ONLY TO THE INTEREST CHARGED ON CONSUMPTION LOANS OR DOES IT ALSO COVER PRODUCTIVE LOANS ADVANCED BY BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS? The Shariah clearly states that riba al-nasi'ah, â€Å"the fixing in advance a positive return on a loan as a reward for waiting† is prohibited. Hence it could be understood as a ban on interest as commonly used today. Islamic jurists, the fuqaha, state in no unclear terms that all manifestations of riba are forbidden. So it does not matter if the context is consumption or business and also whether the loan in issued or availed. It is also irrelevant whether the institution in question is a commercial bank, government agency, business enterprise or an individual. 3. DOES THE PROHIBITION OF RIBA APPLY EQUALLY TO THE LOANS OBTAINED FROM OR EXTENDED TO MUSLIMS AS WELL AS NON-MUSLIMS? The Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA), which is the leading authority on f inancial transactions, mentions that there is no leniency in the application of Shariah laws even if one party of a financial transaction is non-Muslim. ... IS SUCH A SCHEME ACCEPTABLE FROM AN ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW? In economies with high rates of inflation, restrictions imposed by Shariah laws can undermine value of investments. To compensate for such a loss, a method of indexation is usually employed. There is no consensus yet among the fuqaha, as to the compatibility of indexation practices with Islamic scriptures. So far the Fiqh Academy has permitted indexation in cases pertaining to â€Å"wages and contracts fulfilled over a period of time† and has disallowed in cases pertaining to monetary debts. Similarly, â€Å"for debts in a specific currency, due in installments, the parties may agree to settle the installments due in a different currency at the prevailing rate of exchange on the date of settlement†. 5. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MODES OF FINANCING USED BY ISLAMIC BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS? Islamic banking system has invented a few ingenious modes of financing in order to comply with Shariah principles. The first mode is based upon sharing of both profits and losses incurred by investments, respectively the mudarahab (passive partnership) and musharakah (active partnership). The second mode operates on the basis of credit offered durig the purchase of goods and services and uses such financial concepts as murabahah (sales contract at a profit markup), ijarah (leasing), salam and istisna (contracts). These modes are unique to Islamic finance and have been approved by fiqh officials. Apart from being consistent with Islamic precepts, these modes incentivise direct investments, thereby contributing to economic growth of the bank/institution/country. Yet, improvements need to be done in order to integrate Islamic financial system into global

Brand Management and Research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Brand Management and Research - Coursework Example However, brand image becomes important both in the context of the marketer and the consumer (Holt, 2002) In the case of the laptop brands like Apple, HP and Acer, the brands are influential and potentially capable of shaping up the market trends. An evaluative approach would analyse the laptop brands not only on the basis of product quality but also on the basis of the very brand image. Apple is perhaps a very strong brand in the world of laptop market. It is an innovative and capable market leader. The brand image of Apple is based on a lot of anticipation from the customers. The Apple brand actually raises expectations. Apple has been such a strong brand that the corporation ventured to make the year 2003 the year of laptops. This was stated by Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO, in his speech at the Macworld conference, San Francisco. Aptly, the brand image of Apple inspires â€Å"technolust† and creates a stir in the market with every new release in the array of its quality pr oducts (Albritton, 2003). From the perspective of critical reflection, evaluating the laptop brand from the customer’s point of view is worthy. Apple laptops would smoothly connect on the go. The Apple laptop is compact and elegantly designed. Using it in a meeting or conference is likely to create a good impression. It has a large Multi-Touch glass trackpad on its aluminium body. The built-in iSight video camera is a technological beauty (Reinhold, 2009). Moreover, customer experience tells that it has a large display and respectable battery life (Allbritton, 2003). Overall, the brand image of Apple is innovative and adventurous. HP, on the other hand, is a brand that has an influential image as an organisation. It has a worldwide presence and a strong customer relationship management system. HP offers great after-sales support as a strong and powerful organisation. The brand has top level support and formidable investment of resources. As a laptop brand, it is backed with a mechanism of design and redesign which is apt to adjust in the rapidly changing laptop markets. The group dynamics at HP are productive and help it to survive as an organisation in fierce competition (Zell, 1997). The brand image of HP is rather dependable and the company is always ready to assist its customers. It can be rightly called an international giant in the world of information technology. With a wide range of other electronic products, HP has a reliable brand image in the laptop markets too. The company has shown phenomenal growth throughout its history. It is relatively an older international brand that started its operations in the year 1938. The brand image of HP offers a blend of strong organisation, considerable business experience and competent customer support (Pham-Gia, 2009). Companies like BenQ and Acer are known for designing and making several ICT products for other companies. The brand image of Acer is thus not as impressive as that of Apple and HP. Still, Ac er is a known name in the laptop markets. It has established a respectable brand image and it is one of the largest brands of monitors and laptops in Europe (Martin, 2006). Acer, however, depends on low cost manufacturing bases to maintain the economy of its production lines. The company has outsourced many of its manufacturing processes to Eastern Asia. As a brand, it has to depend largely on the cost-effectiveness of its products (Yu, 2007). By means of relevant

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation Management - Essay Example 5. The experience of the visitors is very poor, especially about the entrance from one of the sides of the park. 6. The size of the park and the amount of the amenities of the park is not being exploited. This may be due to the lack of the availability of complete idea of the park. 7. The size of the park is a great reason for the tagging of a number of the private events in the area; include the display of the fireworks. This leads to a great degree of the pressure. 8. The decrease of the amount of the space also plays a part in the lack of the services. There is the lessening of the space of the park that can be considered of any artistic value. These are the various kinds of the issues that are being faced by the park. The decrease in a number of the green areas has an important impetus on the services of the park in a significant manner. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The park has been facing a period of the distress in a number of the areas. The study aims to provide with a comprehensive p lan to improve all the areas. The objectives have been developed in conjunction with the proposed outcomes. They are as follows: The stopping of the decline of the number of the visits of the park by the restoration of the value of the park. The increase of the number of the visitors in the park. The subsequent increase of the income of the park. The spreading of the natural value of the park by the use of the different kinds of the mechanisms. The proliferation of the audiences of the park into a number of new age groups. The increase of the number of the volunteers of the park. The improvement of the basic levels of the skills and learning of the different constituents of the park. This can involve the use of the different kinds of the... This essay stresses that the new kind of the facilities needs to be developed for the growth of the park. There is a need for the over haul of the amenities of the park. There is a need to look at all the basic kind of the facilities of the park. The development of the facilities shall play an important part in the reclaiming of the lost audience. There are a number of problems that are being faced by the club. The primary deliverables of the park involves strategy is the increase of the number of the audience that visits the park. There is also the need to increase the range of the audiences of the firm. The basal part of the strategy is to increase the reach of the park. This is the strategy that has been outlined for the firm. This paper declares that the park has been suffering due to the lack of the branding. All the parks in the area in the area have been at the forefront in the area have number of the facilities, which they provide. The level of the branding is very high. The concept of the park as a popular place to hang-out has to be re-enforced in the mind of the consumers. This can be done increasing the number of the promotional activities that surround the park. This shall help in the development of the ideas that need to be taken into the consideration. The large part of the population that comes in the park, generally comes for the activities in the park. This can be used as an opportunity for increasing the number of the visitors of the park. They can be used as a medium for increasing the amount of the sales of the entries of the park.

Analyzing the Poem The White Mans burden by Rudyard Kipling Essay

Analyzing the Poem The White Mans burden by Rudyard Kipling - Essay Example The poem was published in 1899, a period wherein racial discrimination is still the norm in America. Although slavery was finally abolished and outlawed in 1865, people of color were still treated as inferior. The audience of the poem, hence, was still characterized by prejudicial outlook, seeing imperialism as a favor and even a burden for America as the best of the white men will be sent on a mission to civilize the colored colonials. This theme is underscored by several concepts, which can be classified into three: captives, wild, serf, sweeper; burden, terror, pride, profit, gain; laurel, manhood, praise, wisdom. The first set of keywords described the colonials, the next described the process of imperialism and, finally, the last set highlighted the rewards. It is clear that the poem encourages imperialism. Kipling appeared to campaign for this move not only because it is a noble thing to civilize others. Also, he seemed to consider imperialism as a precondition for the United S tates to be finally recognized by its peers, which of course are the European colonials. There is an implied proposition that in order for America to be finally considered as a world power – within the league of the European club – it must be able to govern its own colony. There are scholars who believe that this poem by Kipling is a satire. But this interpretation is quite far-fetched. The tone, the diction and the themes involved are on the serious side and no attempt at humor is apparent. The thesis is clear: America must take the burden and colonize a backward nation. His poem provided the arguments for these. First, there is the suggestion that imperialism is a task that must be accomplished because it is noble. The colonization will benefit the colony. America and its best would strive to make the client state and its people ready and worthy member of the community of nations. Secondly, Kipling argued that imperialism is a selfless act, hence, noble, as America

Wall Street Journal Opinion Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wall Street Journal Opinion Article - Essay Example This is because this could automatically affect the GDP of the countries in which the investors originate from. The greatest effect was felt from the withdrawal of the world’s super power-America’s bank-Merrill Linch. The bank had anticipated a GDP rise of about 7.6% but due to the drawback they were now expecting a rise of about 7.2% (Ellison 74).They therefore withdrew from China so as to maintain a steady economy in their country. However the bank’s management stated that they did not expect China to experience financial strain or even suffer a drop in their economy as a result of the drawback (Ellison 78). They also added that the Chinese government has the opportunity to stabilize their economy despite the unfolding that took place. However, there is still risk of these potential investors to withdraw from the business as it is expected that the growth forecast of Nomura Company will drop to 7.3% from7.5%.The CNBC further presumed that this may pose risk to the annual target of the company that was at 7.4% (Ellison 67).Conversely from a press release of an official government statement, investors were assured that the country would still be able to maintain their economic growth within reasonable limits despite the drawback that had occurred. The government official added that the debt risks of the county were manageable and that they would have no instances of default despite there being evidence that one company had defaulted (Ellison 69). According to data obtained from a survey conducted by the Fact sheet, it was noted that since July 2010, this was the first time that copper products were being sold below $ 3a pound (Ellison 76). This is critical to investors who have engaged in the business as this is termed as spoilt business on their part. This is because they cannot be able to sell their products at high prices

Political Parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Parties - Essay Example (Bogdanor, 2006) Figures have however been more dismal in the past 30 years. In 2005, membership of the Conservative Party had fallen to an abysmal 250,000. Thus from 1975 to 2005, the Conservative Party has lost more than four out of five of its members. (Bogdanor, 2006) Interestingly, within that same period, the Conservative Party has been in power for a total of more than 15 years. Consequently, though it has been in power for more than half the total time between 1975 and 2005, the Conservative Party has lost more than four fifths of individual membership. The situation of the Labour Party is also very dismal. Though membership drive in 1996 had witnessed an increase of individual membership to 400,000, by 2006, membership of the Labour Party had dropped to 200,000, half its number in a space of 10 years and one fifth in the space of about 50 years. (Bogdanor, 2006) "Fifty years ago, 1 in 11 of the electorate belonged to a political party; today just 1 in 88 do. Moreover, voters feel less attached to parties than they did. In 1966, 42 per cent professed a "very strong" attachment to the party of their choice; today only 13 per cent do. That, no doubt, is one of the reasons for the increasing volatility of voters and low turnout in general elections - 59 per cent in 2001, 62 per cent in 2005." (para. 1) The high lev The high level of passivity to political party membership may also account for the volatility in voter turnout during elections. The loss of interest in political parties and its concomitant effect on electoral turnouts can be contrasted with public participation in other political issues. According to the Electoral Commission and the Hansard Society (2004), whereas the 2001 general elections witnessed a significant decline in voter turnouts, there was a greater willingness by the public to participate in demonstrations in 2003 on issues like the Iraq war, the funding of higher education, and the visit of President Bush. Many reasons can be given for the steady loss of interest in political parties over the years in the UK and other EU countries. The locus of political engagement has been diversified in the UK and EU over the years and this has had a great influence on the dwindling membership of political parties. The Electoral Commission and the Hansard Society (2004) have argued that: "Recent years have seen an increase in pressure group and 'protest' politics, indicating a more complex picture of political engagement than voting figures alone might suggest." (p. 5) The diversification of political engagement thus connotes a movement from the political party as the central organisation for effecting change in society. Traditionally, political parties, especially in the first half of the 20th century were seen as the means of achieving social change. Issues of social concern like social justice, the environment, democracy, and equality were advanced at the political party front. (Wainwright, 2008) The formation of the Labour Party in the UK in 1900 epitomises the role of agents of change that political parties enjoyed. The coming together of trade unions, workers and socialists, with the aim of changing the way the interests of the public were represented in Parliament became the bedrock for the founding of the Labour Part

Strategy Management in Small Export Business of China Dissertation

Strategy Management in Small Export Business of China - Dissertation Example issertation would include the components of the various small business firms of China, their analysis from the strategic perspective, framing research questions for the survey, conducting a survey based on the industry, evaluating the findings obtained from the survey, drawing the conclusion and suggesting appropriate recommendations for the issues faced by the industry. Additionally the study aims at investigating the significance of internal and external business forces for small export enterprise in southeastern parts of china, and will inevitably aim at analyzing these small business’s successes and failure from the strategic management standpoint during the time period 1980 to 2012. 1.2 Background of this study China is a significantly developing country and therefore China have broad market environment, as a result there are lots of foreign companies to enter the Chinese market. These foreign capital enterprises within the original industry remains monopolized by small, medium, state-owned enterprises which lead to the strong impact of China's state-owned enterprises in some industries. In addition, international competition has developed in the Chinese market gradually. At the same time, China's domestic competition has also contributed to the globalization of market competition. Therefore, at present the production and operation of China's small enterprises have to experience and face international competition. Over the earlier 2 decades, the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of China have gone through more or less three development stages, together with the expansion of China’s improvement and establishment. The first stage was from the time period 1978 to the year 1992. This era had been characterized by the development of SMEs in scale and... The study aims at investigating the significance of internal and external business forces for small export enterprise in south-eastern parts of China, and will inevitably aim at analyzing these small business’s successes and failure from the strategic management standpoint during the time period 1980 to 2012. China is a significantly developing country and therefore China has a broad market environment, as a result, there are lots of foreign companies to enter the Chinese market. These foreign capital enterprises within the original industry remain monopolized by small, medium, state-owned enterprises which lead to the strong impact of China's state-owned enterprises in some industries. In addition, international competition has developed in the Chinese market gradually. At the same time, China's domestic competition has also contributed to the globalization of market competition. Therefore, at present, the production and operation of China's small enterprises have to experien ce and face international competition. Over the earlier 2 decades, the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of China have gone through more or less three development stages, together with the expansion of China’s improvement and establishment. The first stage was from the time period 1978 to the year 1992. This era had been characterized by the development of SMEs in scale and number. This was the result of the government’s support for and encouragement of the formation of collective, self-employed and township enterprises.

The worlds wife Essay Example for Free

The worlds wife Essay To what extent are Mrs Sisyphus and Mrs Rip Van Winkle characters of the Worlds Wife? The Worlds Wife an array of relentless and unapologetically feminist poems consisting of a large number of personas, who are witheringly contemptuous of the men they have ended up with, generally inadequate, self-obsessed and immature. Each poem carrying an implicit message of feminine virtues governed by the somewhat scorn of women. Mrs Sisyphus and Mrs Rip Van Winkle playing host to many of the ironically degrading characters that have been given to their counter opposites. Mrs Sisyphus serves as a resounding echo to many of the female characters that find themselves within Duffys feminist collection. Thats him pushing the stone up the hill the jerk. It is this blunt yet explicit statement made by Mrs Sisyphus that sets out the pace for the rest of the poem, conveying immediately the attitude she has towards her husband and the dork like actions he undertakes. Furthermore, the fact that Sisyphus was condemned to roll a boulder up a hill for eternity, serves as a poignant reminder of him being a symbol for pointless activity. As a result, Mrs Sisyphus expresses this pointlessness and reminds us that what use is a perk, when you havent got the time to open a cork. Yet more importantly, conveys to the reader a woman who seems to long for the companionship of her husband but is just another wife deemed to endlessly disparage his obsessive behaviour. On the other hand, Mrs Rip Van Winkle is in deep contrast to the attitude that Mrs Sisyphus possesses. As we learn that Rip Van Winkles sleep in Duffys hand becomes his wifes liberation while he slept I found some hobbies for myself. When one thinks of sleep, we associate it with inactivity. However, in the case of Mrs Winkle the silence and stillness that her husband undergoes awakens the opportunity for her to cease life and all its wonders Painting, seeing the sights. No longer condemned to the submissive behaviour of her domineering husband. The Leaning Tower, The Pyramids, the Taj Mahal, taking in each sight with a new lease on life, being able to breath freely and see the sights shed always dreamed about no longer within the clutches of a man. Mrs Sisyphus highlights to the reader, the implications a wife must face when having a berk for a husband. She mentions of wanting to go for so much as a walk in the park, yet as it seems that when a man becomes wildly obsessed keen as a hawk, lean as a shark, the importance of a woman diminishes as the size of the stone he pushes is nearer the size of a kirk. Therefore, signifying to the reader one of the many characteristics that females have within the Worlds Wife resenting their husbands. Furthermore, the poem seems partly a language game jerk, kirk, perk, cork, the rhymes and the half rhymes, give a sense of repetition that imitates Sisyphuss punishment, yet in actual fact it is not him who seems to be punished, for his folly actions have left Mrs Sisyphus to be the actual victim plagued by his punishment. This simple yet effective rhyming scheme reinforces the idea that Mrs Sisyphus sees her husband to be nothing more then an individual to be gawked at; some type of circus freak. Through her idiomatic tone one is able to draw out the characteristics of a woman who sees no sense in rolling a stone that feckin no sooner up than its rolling back down. This movement of the stone going up yet gravely set to an incessant downward spiral is a reflection of Mrs Sisyphus relationship with her husband. Similarly even though Mrs Winkle initially faces the prospect of having an elated life without her husband, sees her dreams shattered when her husband awakes sitting up in bed rattling viagra. Duffy conveys, the position of Mrs Winkle within their relationship, she seems nothing more then object for sex and pleasure for her husband. Bound by the ever conventionalist view of women being nothing more then the property of men. Not only deeply patronising, but in all places and at all times, suggesting only men are of importance, and their wifes are mere appendages. After all she had taken up food and given up exercise it did me good a reversal of what one would associate as being good or in the eyes of her husband being seen as an attractive woman. The fact that her self worth is associated by her physical attributes highlights Duffys anger at how male emblems seem to place women in a position where only objectification is possible. Even more so, Duffy hints that in order for a female to find true happiness she must remove the realms that bind her, but what was best, hands-down beat the rest was saying a none-too-fond- farewell to sex. We as the reader are made to feel the excitement and happiness that Mrs Rip Van Winkle is going through yet as soon as it arrives, her dream comes to a close at the eventual awakening of her husband. Thus, a sense of pathos is created and one can only pity the situation she finds herself in.

Chromatography Questions Essay Example for Free

Chromatography Questions Essay Procedure: 1. Define chromatography: 2. Gather materials for the lab. 3. Mark the filter paper with a pencil line 2.0 cm from the end of the paper. 4. Write the color of the felt marker in pencil at the top of the filter paper. 5. With a felt pen, make a dot on the middle of the pencil line. Let the spot dry. 6. Repeat the process adding more ink to the spot. Try to make it thicker, not wider. 7. Set that filter paper aside. 8. Repeat #2-5 using a new filter paper and another color. 9. Secure the two pieces of filter paper using the paper clip and hang them so they reach the 25-50 ml mark in the DRY 400 ml beaker. 10. Remove the papers from the DRY beaker and set aside. 11. Using the 10 ml graduated cylinder, measure and pour 2.0 ml of vinegar into the 400 ml beaker. 12. Fill the 400 ml beaker with enough water to make a water-vinegar solution to the 25-50 ml mark. 13. Carefully place the two pieces of filter paper in the beaker so the dots are not touching the water-vinegar solution. If they fall into the solution, you will have to start over. 14. Observe the ink spot as the water-vinegar solution moves up the paper. 15. When the solution reaches the paper clip, remove it and mark the end of the solution with a pencil. 16. Let the filter papers dry on a paper towel. 17. Record your observations. 18. Measure and sketch the colors that you observe. Analysis: Answer these on another sheet of paper in ink or type. (Rewrite questions.) 1. Define chromatography. 2. With the black marker, how many different colors can you identify? Describe this. 3. Why do you see different colors at various locations on the filter paper? 4. Compare and contrast the colors in the black and/or brown markers on the filter paper with one other marker that is not black/brown. 5. How is the technique of chromatography used to separate a mixture? 6. Is chromatography a physical or chemical change? Explain! Conclusion: 1. Describe what you have learned from this lab. 2. Research different types of chromatography to understand how it is used. Rewrite this in your own words.

Introduction Of The Smartphone

Introduction Of The Smartphone The first ever cell phone was invented by Martin Cooper on April 3rd, 1973, that was only for two pounds. The height of that phone was 10 inches, depth 3 inches and the width an inch and a half (Motorcity, 2003). At that time it was the only way to communicate with each other. And at that time it was not available to the general population and it was used for the first time only businesses and government. In 1992, the first Smartphone invented by IBM, known as a Simon Smartphone. This was a big breakthrough in the field of technology and for the requirements of people. Because people want to connect with each other with in a small period of time. It becomes possible to send messages and sending email to each other with the help of Smartphone. To understand that one technological device could change culture of customer, style of living and the whole society. After the invention of Smartphone a sudden change came into being in the human life and finds the way to go ahead in the field of technology. It is not possible to find anyone without smart phone. The smart phone is very essential device because of this you can talk to your clients, family members and colleagues. In other words a smart phone is also known as Personal Computer (PC) with advanced capabilities and functionality. The Importance of Smartphone When discussing the topic of new media the importance of networks are very essential. With the help of networks the whole world is connected with each other. And this is the easiest way to connect with your family members, friends and clients. When someone is going to purchase a cell phone he will think about the service of his area, the size of the phone, about the price of the phone then you have to make a decision to purchase a phone. If consumer purchases a smartphone he will be very happy with the functions of smartphone than any other in the market. IT professionals are tasked with developing more applications for smartphones as worldwide consumption continues to grow in 2010 and beyond. When technology professionals design web-based and computer-based applications, they should consider compatibility with smartphones and other mobile devices. Many webmasters already create web content with mobile users in mind. For example, the Internet giant Yahoo! offers a Mobile Web for phones like the Blackberry and iPhone. Role of Social Media Social media is playing a vital role in the success of martphones, because of social media its possible to share data, videos, pictures, and other tasks. Facebook, Twitter and MySpace are the example of social media. Social media and smartphones means to connect more and more people online even on mobile. Operating System of Smartphone In 2010 the market of smartphone operating system changed. For customer and businessmen the impoetance of smartphone is very essential. Because without smartphone its not possible to keep in cotact with each other, with clients and with family members and friends. Key features of Smartphone: Wi-Fi With the help of this feature you can connect wireless internet connection. Using Wi-Fi the speed of internet will be very high. Push Notification By push notification we mean that you can receive messages, emails and you do not need to log in to check your account. Social Networking Social Networking means those websites such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter by which we can communicate with each other individually and as well as groups and also can share photos, videos and album. QWERTY Keyboard QWERTY keyboard is the layout and this keyboard allows you to search and browse the internet and send emails and text. One may see a smartphone as one that offers a complete keyboard with internet and email functionality, and some may only view a smart phone as a phone with a full operating system (OS) and applications. A smartphone is a full-featured mobile phone that comes equipped with the personal computer like functionality. So it is the most efficient way of being mobile and carrying your office with you. Most of these phonescome with a camera that supports email capabilities and serves as a complete personal organizer. This is true that the smartphones are the helping hand of the several businessmens. Because of the technological features of mobile phones these are called smart phone. In these days smartphone is a basic demand of every businessman and company. By latest technology it includes to share his idea with their partners and colleagues. With the help of smart phone we can watch live match if you are somewhere else it does not matter, breaking news. We can get help from smart phone like human bodies. In next five years change will take place suddenly in smartphones. If we study last few years about phones we will understand that how quickly changes occurred from time to time, therefore in next few years the improvement in technology will take place. PC Replacements The basic change in smartphones in next few years will occur that it starts working like laptops. It means that in future those people who have smartphones they do not need to buy laptops and personal computers. So smartphones will replace PC in next five years. Joined Devices After long time finally its become possible to connect devices with each other like bluetooth in PC and in laptop can connect with smart phones. In next few years it will be possible to know about you that now where are you and what do you want to do because of smart phones. Smart phones will become a single device in next few years yes it is true because the smart phones are moving in a straight forward direction. There are alot of confusion because of the variety of mobiles phone and competency. If you want to have a great mobile than smartphone is the best choice among all. Smartphone is much better than any other mobile phone. If you have smartphone you can move your office with where you want so than you do not need to buy personal computer or laptop because in smartphone there is an operating system like personal computer and laptop, so nowadays most of smartphones are with their camera. Top ten Smartphone iPhone 3GS The iPhone 3GS continues to bring together three incredible products in one A revolutionary phone, a widescreen iPod and a breakthrough Internet device with full web browsing and easy e-mail access. HTC Desire HTC have yet again outdone themselves with another superb smartphone, this time in the form of the HTC Desire! Powered by a monstrous 1GHz Snapdragon processor and displayed through a stunning AMOLED 3.7 inch full touchscreen. Samsung Wave The Samsung Wave mobile phone allows for a brighter, clearer and less reflective view with the Super AMOLED 3.3 inch wide display touchscreen. BlackBerry 9700 The BlackBerry 9700 is jam-packed with all the very best Blackberry features including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, HSDPA, full QWERTY keyboard, 3G technology and Push e-mail! BlackBerry 8520 Smart, sleek and classy the Blackberry 8520 Curve is here to entertain, organise and communicate. Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 The first Android mobile phone from Sony Ericsson, the Xperia X10, has a stunning 4 inch touchscreen, 1GHz Snapdragon processor and truly next generation features, such as Timescape and Mediascape. Sony EricssonVivaz The Sony Ericsson Vivaz mobile phone is here to deliver high performance, responsive touch control, multimedia, entertainment and connectivity, just how you want it. Memory Cards You can greatly improve the memory of your Smartphone by purchasing a memory card. This allows you to save and store more applications, music, photos, videos and more. Your Smartphone can become a multimedia entertainment centre! The best thing is, you can pick the size (or capacity) of the memory card to suit your needs or budget! Nearly all Smartphones are compatible with MicroSD memory cards and our memory cards range from 2GB to 8GB. Screen Protectors Protect the most expensive part of your smartphone the display, with a screen protector. This essential purchase is cheap but crucial and will greatly improve the protection from chips and scratches on your Smartphones screen. Screen protectors are extremely easy to attach to your Smartphones, and once fixed in place, are virtually unnoticeable. Bluetooth Headsets With a Bluetooth headset you can make and take calls on the move, wherever you are and keep your hands free! Using the Bluetooth connection on your Smartphone, a Bluetooth headset will allow you to talk without needing to hold your phone. This means your Smartphone can be safely stored in your laptop, purse, bag or pocket! Summary Smartphones are playing very vital role in the world. Without smartphines it is not possible to connect with each other even with members of the same organisation. So it is very clear if you have smartphone then it does not matter you can contact with relatives, friends, clients. And you can move your office any where in the world. As discussed above that smartphones have operating system so then you do not need to buy personal computer and laptop. Because the smartphone gives you that work which personal computer and laptop do. In next five years amazing change will occure in smartphones by the improvement of technology. Smartphone will replace personal computer because it has the complete keyboard and many other functions which personal computer has. So it is true that within the next few years smartphones will become the single most important digital device we own. Role of E-commerce in Ebays and Amazons popularity E-commerce is playing very vital role in the popularity of ebay and amazon. Because it is only possible to buy goods online from ebay and amazon. Without electronic commerce its not possible for ebay and amazon to reach at this top level. By the help of e-commerce everyone can buy things online without any problem. So it means that without e-commerce ebay and amazon can not acheive the goals and objectives. E-commerce or electronic commerce means purchasing and selling of goods and services and exchanges on the Internet. On Internet with a big success of ecommerce commonly we can say that it is shopping at World Wide Web. Simply we can say that when we do online shopping it is called ecommerce. Types of E-commerce B2B (Business-to-Business) Business-to-Business means that when company dealing with each other like wholesalers selling to retailers, and manufacturers selling to distributors. In this kind of business customer or client will not be included. B2C (Business-to-Consumer) In this kind of businesses selling is directly to consumer through cart software. C2B (Consumer-to-Business) In C2B business a consumer put his project online and then different organisation study the consumers needs and then try to get that project. And then consumer selects the company that can do the project. C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) C2C business means that everyone is free to buy and sell from each other by online payment system. Like Amazone and eBay is alive examples of C2C business where alot of transaction take place everyday. Role of 2.0 technologies in Ebays and Amazons popularity Web 2.0 was introduced in 2004 and know as the second generation of the World Wide Web. It does not relate to a particular type of Web. Examples of 2.0 are listed below: Blogs: Blogs means that users can post and upgrade their profile of life on the Web. Wikis: It enables the users from the whole world to update and add online content. Social networking: MySpace and Facebook are the present examples by which people can interact with their friends and update their own profile. Web application: By the help of variety of new applications users can run programs directly in a browser. 1. Making money Of course. Since the first data-scraping and sniping tools well, wait, make that since eBay first opened its APIs to developers, the eBay development ecosystem has grown with the volume of eBay transactions. eBay sellers sold $60B last year, and the 80,000 developers who helped sellers research, list, and service all those transactions also received their cut. 2. Useful technology eBay has some of the greatest technology and data assets on the web. The technology of eBay and PayPal is useful on a massive scale. PayPal has 70 million users. eBay sees 150 million unique visitors per month, and supports 70 million sellers worldwide. The developer community that provides applications for eBay sellers and buyers uses the eBay APIs to drive as much as 60% of eBay transactions. 3. Accessible technology Mark emphasized the importance of mobile applications.The eBay iPhone application is a strong start. It is clear that he believes eBay should make a powerful effort to enable mobile usage. eBay and its third-party developers still need to make some breakthroughs to enable accessibility. 4. Technology adapted to you Today, your cell phone is a communications device, an entertainment center, a mall, and a social network. Tomorrow, it may also be your wallet. Already you can instantly repay a loan to a friend who has a PayPal account. Soon, In-N-Out Burgers may accept PayPal, and you will be able to pay for your burgers at the counter from your cell phone. PayPal is uniquely adaptable for this kind of use, because it is a single global payment network, with end-to-end transaction visibility, good risk protection and fraud detection, integrated with more than 15k banks. PayPal unifies the worlds disparate money systems to enable payments anywhere. The big news in adaptable technology is that the PayPal Developer Program is opening up later in 2009. Third-party developers will use flexible APIs for sending money to create mobile payments applications that will change the way people pay for things. 5. Open platform eBay released a new developer opportunity today.SM Apps lets developers embed seller applications in ebay.com, just as you can embed applications in Facebook. The difference is that with SM Apps developers can make money, charging a one-time fee or using a subscription model for use of their application. Because the SM Apps platform uses the Gadgets specification, applications built for eBay can also operate elsewhere on the web, including on other portal pages. The Selling Manager tool has 270,000 active, paying businesses operating in the U.S. alone. As Mark said, While other platforms are trying to figure out monetization we are set up for you [the developer] to take a cut, and we hope you will. Summary E-commerce and Web 2.0 technologies are the way of popularity of ebay and amazon. Everyone in the world knows about the role of e-commerce and amazon. So in this essay the importance of e-commerce and amazon are discussed in brief. Ebays and amazons popularities are connected with e-commerce and web 2.0 technologies. So it is not possible without e-commerce and web 2.0 technologies that ebay and amazon get popularity. Everyday there are alot of buying and purchasing occurred in daily life and these transaction are increasing day by day, by this we can say that these two are the key factors in the popularity of ebay and amazon.

Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five as an Antiwar Novel :: Slaughterhouse-Five Essays

Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five as an Antiwar Novel War can affect and inspire people to many degrees. Kurt Vonnegut was inspired by war to write Slaughterhouse-Five, which is a unique book referred to sometimes as a science fiction or semi-autobiographical novel. But, if facts are inferred in the novel, like the similarity of Vonnegut to Billy Pilgrim, facts about other characters (specifically the Tralfamadorians), and the themes and structure of the novel, another way of viewing ;this book can be seen that is as an anti war piece of writing. In fact, Vonnegut demonstrates his own antiwar sentiments throughout the novel. This novel's main character, Billy Pilgrim is like Vonnegut in many ways. Kurt Vonnegut is an American novelist from Indianapolis, Indiana, born in 1922. A very important part of Vonnegut's life was when he served in WWII, and was a prisoner of war (POW) in Dresden, Germany. During that time he experienced the firebombing of Dresden, which affected him greatly. This event had around 135,000 causalities, which is about twice the number killed in Hiroshima by the atomic bomb (1969 Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five). Many claim that his involvement in the war is what made him write Slaughterhouse-Five. When Vonnegut created Billy Pilgrim, he made Billy subject to the experience of war. In fact, Billy experiences it almost exactly the same as Vonnegut himself had, including the experiences of being a POW and in the firebombing of Dresden. But in Billy's case, Vonnegut writes it with a particular point of view, which is against war. For example, when Vonnegut writes of the ways Billy views things, especially in the war, he makes Billy's view "slanted, which makes the reader perceive the war as

Byzantium versus Western Europe Essay -- Ancient History, Roman Empire

The Eastern part of the Roman Empire held imperial power headed by the city Byzantium later renamed Constantinople after the emperor Constantine (316). It remained the capital until Charlemagne revived the Western Empire (316). Between 324 and 330, â€Å"the Byzantine Empire passed from an early period of expansion and splendor to a time of sustained contradiction and splintering and, finally, catastrophic defeat† (316). The first period; between 324 and 632, of Byzantine history experienced great successes territorially, politically, and culturally (317). Especially, under the reign of Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora; both intelligent and tough; even to the extent of being called tyrants by their court historian and biographer (317-18). During their reign, there were more than 1500 cities, Constantinople being the largest filled with great size and splendor (317). Between the fourth and fifth centuries Decurions; councils of 200 local, wealthy, landowners, governed the cities (318). By the sixth century however, the decurion councils were replaced by special governors deemed more reliable by the emperor (318). Justinian also ordered a revision of Roman law and created several compilations with the aid of a committee of learned lawyers (320, 342). The compilations later became the foundation for most European law (320). The first compilation; Code, revised imperial edicts, the second; Novellae, presented the decrees issued by Justinian and his successors, the third; the Digest, compilation of old legal experts’ opinions, and the fourth compilation; the Institutes, a practical textbook for young scholars (320). Still, this strengthening of the empire did not allow him to retrieve the Western imperial lands conquered by barbarians... ...ir religion upon the people (325). Thus, these peoples found refuge in Muslims from Byzantine oppression (325). Muslim conquerors tolerated other religions and offered protection for many peoples (326). Christian Europe developed a lasting fear and suspicion of the Muslims as they were assaulted and challenged by them at all fronts (326) In both the east and west the Muslim invasion was confronted and halted though contact between Muslims and Christians continued (326). Muslims regarded Byzantium â€Å"as a model to learn from and improve upon† (326). Despite the differences between the Christian west and the Muslim world, there was creative interchange between the two (326). Sine the Arabs were more advanced, the West benefited from this interchange most (326). Oftentimes, the Church became an important force for Western Europe through invasions, changes, etc (328).

Future Perfect :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Many futurologists - professional (Toffler) and less so (Naisbitt) - tried their hand at predicting the future. They proved quite successful at predicting major trends but not as lucky in delineating their details. This is because, inevitably, every futurologist has to resort to crude tools such as extrapolation. The modern day versions of biblical prophets are much better informed - and this, precisely, seems to be the problem. The cluttered information obstructs the outlines of the philosophically and conceptually most important elements. The futurologist has to divine which - of a host - of changes which occur in his times and place ushers in a new era. Since the speed at which human societies change has radically accelerated - the futurologist's work has become more compounded and less certain. It is better to stick to truisms, however banal. True and tried is the key to successful (and, therefore, useful) predictions. What can we rely upon which is immutable and invariant, not dependent on cultural context, technological level, or geopolitical developments? Human nature, naturally. The introduction of human nature into the equation which should yield the prediction may further complicate it. Human nature is, arguably, the most complex thing in the universe. It is characteristically unpredictable and behaviourally stochastic. It is not the kind of paradigm conducive to clear-cut, unequivocal, unambiguous forecasts. This is why it is advisable to isolate two or three axes around which human nature - or its more explicit manifestations - revolves. These organizational principles must possess comprehensive explanatory powers, on the one hand - and exhibit some kind of synergy, on the other hand. I propose such a trio : Individuality, Collectivism and Time. Individuation is the Separation principle, the human yearning for uniqueness and idiosyncrasy, for distinction and self sufficiency, for independence and self expression. Collectivism is the human propensity to agglomerate, to stick together, to assemble, the herd instincts and the group behaviours. Time is the principle which connects both. It is the bridge linking individual and society. It is an epiphenomenon of society. In other words, it arises only when people assemble and can compare themselves to others. This is not Time in the physical sense, which is discernible through the relative positions and physical states of physical systems. Every human - alone as he may be - is bound to notice it.

Dress Code Essay Essay

In some high schools dress codes are being suggested. Parents and teachers believe that changing the dress code could possibly improve the learning environments in the school. In contrast, dress codes should not be changed because parents have the responsibility to supervise what their children wear, the students will lose their individuality but not their behavior in any way, and finally the school staff should be strict to begin with. Before parents start to ask for a change in other children’s wardrobe, they should first check what their child is wearing. This issue all begins at home and if the parent doesn’t see it then they shouldn’t be asking some other kid to change the way he/she dresses. As long as every parent enforced what their child wore, there would be no problem at school and the rules would be fine. Not every parent will do it, but for those who do care they should start to get rid of the inappropriate clothes that belong to their children. If the parents would be responsible enough to see and limit what their child wore, there would be no need for a change in the dress code in the first place. Enforcing a dress code would take away individuality but not change behavior. There are various â€Å"clicks† around a campus and that is what makes it diverse. Changing the dress code would discourage creativity and aesthetic values in students. People desperately try to stand out from the crowd and these rules restrict one’s fashionable rights. As a result, students just won’t change behavior and all of a sudden become thirsty for knowledge, the students will remain the same. There is no point in changing the dress code because it won’t work nor improve behavior in classrooms. The dress code would only limit individuality not personality. The dress code should be enforced not changed. Instead of telling students to buy similar outfits, which some cannot, the staff should be more stricter in dress code policies. For example, in my school teachers and staff are complaining about how girls dress. However, I have never seen them actually punish them or warn them to not do it again. If schools were to enforce the rules they come up with everyone would know not to rebel against them. The students would keep in mind that they might be punished for doing something that is against the rules. When staff begins to reinforce their rules a decrease in rule breaking will occur. Therefore, changing the strictness of the rules will bring about a better environment not a change in dress code. There is no need for a new dress code. Knowing that the parents and teachers could first change the ways they do things could help eliminate the thought of changing the dress code. Parents should limit what their children wear to respect the dress code already in effect. This will let the rest of the student body express themselves liberally and not have to give up their creativity and fashion sense. Staff should begin to enforce the rules to create the positive environment they want. Changing the dress code is the wrong alternative for an increase in academic potential.

Oil & Gas Management

AbstractThe disconnectedness of Mexico hazard is an accompaniment that m every(prenominal) people in the f tout ensemble in land and Mexico, who were affected, would standardized to forget as it had immense environmental and economic encounter to them. This paper is going to describe the purpose to which the Deepwater persuasion disaster in the gulf of Mexico is considered to shed light-emitting diode to a meaning(prenominal) reform of the regularisation of the seaward crude and gas attention on the UK Continental shelf. These intromit s come up plan and arrest, environmental protection, emergency response, authority for stopping trading proceedings slay, catastrophic charter sexs failure, the entailment of sincere checks, protection of the whistle-blowers, and a compendium or conclusion of the described mea genuines. establishmentAn explosion took keister on the Deepwater Horizon cut rig on 20 April 2010 leading to the death of 11 workers. The kingdom i s in the Gulf of Mexico and was under stick to the British petroleum. It is still non moreover cognise the consummation of the damage that took come out of the clo regulate both on the environment and the communities around. Among the errors that led to the sequent is the fact that the both fuel seedcases of oblige on the BOP of the Deepwater Horizon showed that in that respect was an error in a zippy valve in angiotensin converting enzyme of the pods of hear, and that the other pod of control did non occupy nice charge on the batteries it is believed that these faults were at that point during the prison term that the virgule happened. thither was at to the lowest degree(prenominal) a single running(a) control pod needed to run the semi machine-driven humor snuff it that would soak up helped in closing up the BOP. The automatic style section should have interpreted place in an automatic manner, without being aided, when the hydraulic moving in toget her with the electric cables were washed-up in the explosion. The automatic mode function is a very important dodging of backup. This paper is going to describe extent to which the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico is considered to have led to a important reform of the regulation of the inshore oil colour colour and gas labor on the UK Continental shelf.Well planning and controlThe reforms that were recommended by the panel included making for original that the Well Life Cycle Practices gathering remained in place permanently. It is excessively indispensable that the captain, influential re show upatives from the HSE and the intentness meet on a formatic seat to decide, round off and unendingly improve values and standards for thoroughly practice in the well justness as well as instruction of application in the UKCS. The Macondo jamboree is interpreted into consideration by the standards and consists of operating practices, decorousness and co nsistency of the safety indispensable equipment (especially BOPs), examen and maintenance of hardwargon proficiency and schooling of personnel organizational and human features. They pct these standards with the partners in the exertion and international regulators and the organizations that set the standards. In consideration of the Macando, it was also requi come out that the following argon considered Whether a re sic in the control of well standards it congenital to necessitate at least both barricades to be in place (besides the BOP) during the travel of a well to a land site that is non balanced with the zone of turnout, and Whether at that place is any(prenominal) change necessitate to shambling the factors provide notice warning active each judgment of conviction a stain is arrived at where the BOP together with one other barricade to a way out is attained.Protecting the EnvironmentThe DECC and the industry atomic number 18 necessary to work hand in hand for the purposes of developing and adopting meliorations like The creation of Environmental Assurance plan that possibly uses the Environmental Management System or the Environmental Statement as financial backing equipment for engendering a concept of goal-setting to environmental policies intend to continuously up, especially in affinity to the low-frequency incidentals that have high impact. The identification and viscous treatment of the generic features of documents of environmental sanction to enable the devotion of more causa to slightly other more localise or particular argonas of possible attempt and impact, via more rigorous use of profits systems. The industry has also been challenged to take immense ownership of the available regulatory requirements of the environment, which include appraisal of the contractual arrangements for the preparation and retentivity up-to-date the required documents making them into tools for campaign goods in the envir onmental evaluation and protection. The regulator is also required to continue working with the industry so as to make identifications of the ways in which the available requirements of reporting, particularly closely compliance to the environmental requirements, may be rationalized or level(p) simplified. Additionally, thither might be more that should be done to show the need for, and serial value of the comprehensive environmental evaluations that is required of them, with a need and decl atomic number 18 oneself of fling increases scope for approaches that ar innovative to the improvement of the standards of the environment. It has also been recommended that the documents of guidance that relate to the inshore environmental depression evaluation, regulatory activities and enforcement should be revised and reviewed on a regular basis, initially following the changes in the procedures that came up from the Macando and consequently taking into consideration any other applic able or applicable details, for the reinforcement of the continuous culture improvement of the UKCS and ensuring that operators be well acquainted with the present requirements and expectations of environmental best practice. In addition, since the incident of the Deepwater Horizon, some other interim environmental regulation and limited review steps that have been taken by the coupled realm include the increasing of the cast of annual environmental inspections to the cut rigs, besides hiring ternary more examiners. This consequently increased the numerate number of the inspectors of the cut rigs to ten, and this includes one inspector who is senior. Considering the less widespread areas of responsibility of the DECC in comparing to the HSE, it together with its prototype agencies have all worked with fewer inspectors as compared with the HSE. The HSE has 114 professional inspectors, whereas the DECC has nigh ten inspectors. The onshore offices and seaward installme nts are visited by DECC inspectors for the inspection of the centering systems and records. They also go there to call into question souls and appraise the conditions of the site, practices and standards. The increased number of the site inspectors is expected to enable the DECC raise the number of inspections on the environment done on the mobile boring rigs across the acres from an average of seven to at least 16 on yearly basis immediately. The Cabinet Secretary referred to the inspectors movement surrounded by the private and public sectors. This might collapse it very difficult for the recruitment and maintaining of inspectors that are super qualified in the future. The offshore inspectorate of the DECC describe their strategy of environmental inspection as one that is happen-based. This means that of the rigs that are presently carrying out activities of drilling, nearly 20 four of them, which translates to about twenty portion are on gas reservoirs however, the DECC bespeak that this inherently does not pose oftentimes risk to the environment in comparison with those that operate on oil reservoirs. Hence, this is taken into consideration, together with the site of the rig and the wells nature, the DECC aims to inspect the rigs that carryout drilling natural plow on particular oil reservoirs.Responding to EmergenciesArrangements for bountiful response to the incidents of oil diping that pose potential danger to the marine environment were naturalised by the anele contamination requirement Plans. The plans intend to prevent pollutions as much(prenominal) and minimize or decrease the effect that might come with it. The Oil Pollution Emergency Plans are risk evaluations that are applicable to a particular installation or field. Their focus is on the worse-case congressman as a result of the incident at the Gulf of Mexico, the linked demesne operators are not expected to do extra modeling for the installations of deepwater, which incl ude a more appraisal of the predictions of oil spill beaching. These plans are also appraised by the ocean Coastguard Department and some other associate consulters like the Maritime Management post and the related inshore statutory agency. Witnesses were asked about the way they had changed their ways of operation in the fall in Kingdom deepwaters since the occurrence in the Mexican Gulf. or so of them said that they do not believe they had basically changed in any manner. This was due to the strong regulatory era that was the Cullens legacy of doubt into the incident of Piper alpha. However, with regard to establishing any changes in regulation in response to the tragedy of the Deepwater Horizon, they were wary of making prevalent and global changes that might not be veracious for them from incident to incident, the kernel of what is in the safety case era. There is a tactile propertying that the industry appears to be reacting to incidences subsequently they have occur red alternatively of having anticipations and making correct planning for the high-consequence events that are low in probability. It is beyond reasonable doubt that the industry and BPs inability to respond because it was not prepared in a proper manner was not acceptable. The black swans occurrence appears to be more frequent nowa mean solar days. The United Kingdom has high regulatory standards of offshore, as shown by the sentry duty Case Regime, which was established in reaction to the 1998 Piper Alpha incident. The regulatory f random-access memoryework of the United Kingdom is on the basis of flexible and goal-getting approaches that are stronger than those that the Deepwater Horizon operated under. Despite the high standards of regulation in the United Kingdom, they are refer that the industry of offshore gas and oil is giving a response to disasters instead of anticipation worst-instance cases and making proper planning for the high-aftermath, low-probability occurrence s.Role of the Offshore Installations ManagerWe are informed from both the industry and the regulator that there were individual offshore installations that always have the power to shut discomfit the well. Bridging documents were created between the systems of the owner of the rig and the operator systems of the well to escort that issues like who has the final exam word or say are mightily agreed before any operation is commenced. The HSE stated that there bequeath normally be one individual who is actually trusty for matters safety on the rig, which is the Offshore Installations Manager, the contractor of drilling. There are huge financial implications of delaying the operations of drilling even just for very forgetful currents. In the instance of the Deepwater Horizon, we find that the BP had the aim of drilling the Macondo well for a period of 51 days only, at about 96 million dollars. It was expected that the prog obturate of drilling would be taking off as early as 8 M arch 2012 however, the Macando well unexpectedly took a longer period. By the 20th April, the day that there was the shoo-in, which killed eleven individuals, the rig was already late by 43 days, and this would have led to an extra be of 21 million dollars in lease fees only. There is a danger that those who are responsible for making decisions to stop operations could feel economic pressure not to do so if was possible.Catastrophic BOPs failureThe last defense line against the Macondo incident was a device known as the blind prune ram, which is part of the BOP found on top of the wellhead, and more than a myocardial infarction below the ocean floors surface. If the oils upward pressure and the gas that is in the reservoir became more than the heavy drilling fluids downward pressure, and all the other resources for controlling the well failed to operate, the two blades of the blind shear ram, were expected to deletion through the pipe of the drill and and so help in sealing th e well. If the BOP had worded as expected, the whole incident would not have occurred and all the lives would not have been lost. Taking into account the single blind-shear rams failure to run the blowout preventer of the Deepwater Horizon, which appeared to be one of the major causes of the blowout of the well of Macondo, it was recommended that the Safety and Health decision maker particularly review the case for ethical drug that the United Kingdom Continental shelfs blowout preventers are well equipped with the two blind shear ram. Whereas the flexibility of the safety regulation organisation of the United Kingdom seemed to have performed properly, it was also been seen that for fail-safe devices like blowout preventer, the formation or the government has adopted minimum, severe standards of safety or show that these would not actually be an economical, last-resort against catastrophes.Importance of simple checksAn appraisal of the two pods of control on the BOP of the De ep-water Horizon as a result of the incident showed that there was an error in a vital valve in one of the pods of control, and that the other pod of control did not have adequate charge on the batteries it is believed that these faults were there during the time that the accident happened. There was at least a single working control pod needed to run the automatic mode function that would have helped in closing up the BOP. The automatic mode function should have taken place in an automatic manner, without being aided, when the hydraulic line together with the electric cables were washed-up in the explosion. The automatic mode function is a very important system of backup. It is of great concern that the simple failures of motley systems were not identified during the process of inspection. As a consequence, a programme has been enforced across the global drilling operation to make sure that the equipment operates the way it is knowing to do. Another thing that has been done to ensure that much(prenominal) preventable incidences do not repeat include fundamentally improving the testing procedures of the blowout preventers, which consists of making sure that the systems of backup work and are properly tested in the process of drilling a well. This is another instance of the industry giving a response to an accident instead of anticipating a possible problem, even though the new regime is highly welcome. It is believed that the authorities have to make sure that the offshore inspection regime of the United Kingdom could not be amenable to simple faults like having a shelling that does not have sufficient charge, to go without being noticed.Need to protect the whistle-blowersowe to the immense economic pressure of tutelage a drilling rig functional, it is of great concern to various stakeholders that the workers who attempt to give tongue to about safety matters might be or even feel like they are intimidated by their seniors. The whistle-blowers are not in a position of calling a halt or bringing to a stop some things and the managers and clearly attempting to make money for the organization. Their basal responsibility is not protecting the environment. Some contradicting reports were found from the HSE regarding harassment and aggravation on the rigs as well as the industrys assurances that honest whistleblowers will be given a hearing and protection. The government has also ensured that there are discussions with the unions and industry about the further actions that are required for the prevention of representatives of safety from feeling or being intimidated by their seniors such that they do not report a danger.ConclusionFollowing the fatal incidence that occurred in the Mexican Gulf, it is important that there is clarity on the hierarchy and identicalness of the liable stakeholders to make sure that the government, and thereof the tax geters, doe not need to pay for the outcomes of the offshore accidents. Any lack of hie rarchy and clarity on the liability will hamper the compensation payment to those that are affected by the incident of the offshore. It is recommended that it demand to be a requirement of the process of licensing that it proves their capability to pay for the outcomes of any incident that could happen. It is recognized that these measures could actually be added to the cost of investment in the new United Kingdom gas and oil production and encourage the Treasury to consider this during incentives to investments as such.BibliographyA. Hopkins, jeopardize-management and rule compliance Decision-making in barbaric industries. Safety Science, (49, 110-120, 2011). B.P. Deepwater Horizon accident and response. Retrieved on 21/1/2014 from G. S. Braut, & P. Lindoe, Risk standard in the North Sea A common law perspective on Norse legislation. (Paper presented at the WorkingonSafety, 2009). G. S. Braut, & P.H. Lindoe, Risk statute in the North Sea A Common Law Perspecitve on Norwegian Legislation. (Safety Science Monitor, 14(1, Article 2), 2010). Great Britain. UK deepwater drilling Implications of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. (London The Stationery Office, 2011) http//www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/gulf-of-mexico-restoration/deepwater-horizon-accident-and-response.html J. Kringen, Culture and control. normal of risk in the Norwegian rock oil Industry, (University of Oslo, 2011). J. Vinnem, Risk indicators for major hazards on offshore installations. (Safety Science, 48, 770-787, 2010). M. Baram, Self Regulation and Safety Management. (WoS, Roros, 2011). O. E. Olsen, & P.H. Lindoe, Risk on the ramble The interntional transfer of risk and vulnerability. (Safety Science, 47, 743-755, 2009). Ocean Portal Team. Gulf Oil Spill. Retreieved on 21 Jan 2014 from http//ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill P. Lindoe, & O.E. Olsen, Conflicting Goals and mixed Roles in Risk Regulation a case study of the Norwegian fossil oil Directorate. (Journal of Risk Research, (12(3-4), 1-15, 2009). R. Steizor, Lessons from the North Sea Should Safety Cases Come to America. (School of Law, University of Maryland, Paper no. 2011-3, 2011). P. Lindoe, O. A. Engen, & O.E. Olsen, Reponses to accidents in different industrial sectors. (Safety Science, 49, 90-97, 2011).

Traffic Redundancy Elimination Solutions in Cloud Computing

1.1Background adorn to tend defile scheming point its knobs an scotch and comfortable ge dry land-as-you-go get word theoretic account, cognise overly as determination ground pricing. defile nodes pay scarce for the alive economic consumption of designing resources, memory board, and bandwidth, harmonizing to their changing enquires, employ the besmirchs asc give upable and routineable computational capabilities.In specialordinary, disciplines raptus court is an of moment discipline when desire to play discom assure apostrophize. Consequently, bribe nodes, victimization a owlish practice of the denigrates resources, argon prompt to go for mixed duty lower techniques, in peculiar art prolixity excommunication, for dress drink bandwidth costs.I bring up as corrupt guests to agreement that rate overseas go to the calumniate, and as users to the end-users and thingamajigs that deplete the returnss. business periphrasis stems from ecumenic end-users behaviour, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as ofttimes accessing, bringloading, uploading, distributing, and modifying the selfsame(prenominal) or resembling in range indicates ( paperss, disciplines, net, and interpret ) . merchandise circumlo bowdle prepargonion remotion is utilize to wipe out the transmittal of supernumerary study and, hence, to advantageously jive down the net cost.In near general dealing verbosity emptying antecedents, some(prenominal) the appetiser and the telephone telephone pass catcher glance and esteem signatures of educations dinner dresss, parsed harmonizing to the informations pleased, late(prenominal) to their syllabus.when outmoded swellings atomic number 18 detected, the deoxyephedrine replaces the plan of to for for each one one one excess b all toldock with its industrial-strength signature. paying commerce verbiage excrement re solvents atomic number 18 well-liked at toil webs, and acquire the ingestion of two or more(prenominal) patented-communications protocol, country agree middle-boxes at twain the intranet world-class appearance purposes of information centres and surgical incision offices, defunctness cyclical barter in the midst of them. mend proprietary middle-boxes atomic number 18 well-liked even out stems at bottom endeavors, they ar non as gorgeous in a befog location. Cloud suppliers weed non net profit from a applied cognition whose end is to cut down node bandwidth measures, and indeed argon non probable to put in one. The rise of on-demand subroutine infinites, garnering suites, and invent-from-home solutions detaches the workers from their offices. In such a rest little work state of affairs, glacial-point solutions that compulsion a client- aspect and a server- gradient middle-box match get under ones skin unsuccessful.On the otherwise manus, misdirect-side pushover motivates work sh are-out among hosts and migration among informations enters. T passfore, it is ofttimes concord that a cosmopolitan, software-based, lengthways concern pleonasm excreta is great in at onces distributive environment.This enables the economic consumption of a threadbare protocol quarter and view ass a transaction circumlocution voiding at bottom byout secured handicraft possible. legitimate lengthwise art periphrasis excretory product solutions are sender-based. In the event where the befoul host is the sender, these solutions guide in that the server always restrain clients position. We introduce here that vitiate photograph calls for a revolutionary art periphrasis voidance solution.First, blot out inwardness propitiation and great originator optimisations whitethorn take to a server-side social function and informations migration environment, in which commerce circumlocution excreta solutions that deal near synchronising amids t the waiter and the client are serious to comprise finished or may retire faculty over ascribable to lost(p) synchronising. Second, the popularity of bountiful media that deal high up bandwidth motivates contented dissemination web ( cdn ) solutions, in which the benefit point or fixed and rambling users may castrate dynamically harmonizing to the comparative phase service point locations and tonss.Furthermore, if an lengthwise solution is employed, its unneeded computational and storage costs at the befoul side should be weighed against its bandwidth sparing tote upitions. Clearly, a relations prolixity body waste solution that puts or so of its computational endeavour on the besmirch side2may bend to be less efficient than the 1 that leverages the feature client-side capablenesss. precondition an lengthways solution, I make believe found through our experiments that sender-based passim transaction tautology ejection solutions add a sizable turn on to the waiters, which may eat up the blur cost salvaging turn to by the dealing redundance body waste in the first topographical point. Our experiments foster supply that present-day(prenominal) lengthways solutions to a fault languish from the demand to persist in passim synchronism that may obey in demoralize craft prolixity excretion efficiency.In this paper, I present a accented receiver-based end-to-end calling verbosity extermination solution that relies on the power of anticipations to suppress tauto analytical traffic amongst the defame and its end-users. In this solution, each receiving dust observes the enrapture traffic pleonasm riddance am and drives to fit its balls with a antecedently legitimate ball chemical chain or a ball concatenation of a topical a draw closehetic file. victimization the long chunks metadata information unploughed locally, the receiving carcass sends to the waiter anticipations that accept chunks signatures and easy-to-verify soupcons of the senders future tense informations. The vector maiden examines the intimation and performs the affair circumlocution elimination operation only when on a hint-match. The intent of this work out is to keep off the fully grown-ticket(prenominal) vocation circumlocution excreting computer science At the fledgling side in the absence seizure of traffic verbosity. When redundance is detected.The transmitter so sends to the receiver alone the acks to the anticipations, transmutenatively of directional the information. On the receiver side, we visualise a smart computationally light-minded unitisation ( reproduce ) schema termed masses unitisation. direct unitization is a new-fangled for rabin reproduce conventionally use by rhenium applications. Experiments demonstrate that our approaching nooky make informations treating velocities over 3 gb/s, at least(prenominal) 20 % quick than rabin fingerprinting. Offlo ading the computational attempt from the fog to a big assembly of clients signifiers a tear diffusion action, as each client processes just now its employment redundance excreting portion.The receiver-based employment circumlocution liquidation solution addresses mobility jobs roughhewn to quasi-mobile dorsumdrop laptops computational environments. single of them is cloud pull due to which the waiters are dynamically resettled around the federalise cloud, hence doing clients to interact with nine-fold altering waiters. some other prop is ip kineticss, which tie roller users to much alter information science references. In appurtenance to the receiver-based operation, we also suggest a crossbred attack, which allows a powered erratic device to turn the occupation periphrasis excretion enumeration strike okay to the cloud by triping a sender-based end-to-end trading redundancy excreting connatural to to formalise the receiver-based job redunda ncy evacuation construct, we implemented, tested, and performed down-to-earth experiments with concourse within a cloud environment. Our experiments show up a cloud cost lessen achieved at a logical client attack musical composition filiation extra bandwidth nest bollock at the client side. The functioning codification, over 25 000 lines of degree Celsius and Java, can be obtained from our execution utilizes the transmittal keep back protocol options field, back uping all tcp-based applications such as web, picture straffic redundancy riddance aming, p2p, e-mail, and so on